NATURE OF INDIVIDUAL DEFERENCE
Q5): What
do you mean by individual deference?
Ans.
Meaning and nature of individual differences.
Experimental
psychology has thrown adequate light on the nature and extent of individual
difference; the feedings of modern psychological test and measurements have
amply demonstrated that individual cannot fall into distinct categories in
respect of any physical or mental trait. On the other hands all measures of individual,
whether they be physical, mental, and emotional or some other show that they
tend to distribute themselves according to the law of the normal probability
curve.
The normal
curve is bell shaped and bilaterally symmetrical on each side of its central
tendency the mean. Just as many persons are above the average as are below it,
starting with the lowest score there is a gradually increasing number of
persons making each next higher score gradually decrease until the highest
score is reached. For example, the following table indicates the distribution
of intelligence according to the normal probability curve.
Individual
not only differ among themselves with respects to a specific trait but differences
may also be noticed within the same individual when he in respect of various
traits. Differences may also be noticed within the same individual with respect
to performance of a particular task at different time. Runners differ in
running the same distance say 2km. the same runner may cover the same distance
taking different times on different occasions.
Thus there
are inter individual differences and the intra individual differences and both
must be considered in studding individual differences.
As you
look within yourself and or the people around you, you realize that you are a
very special and unique being. Nobody else in the world is quite like you.
Nobody else in the world has the same physiological equipment, the same genetic
code or has experienced the same sequence of life situations. Nobody else use
the identical blend defense mechanism that you use when encountering stress and
nobody else is guided by the exact mixture of motives, attitudes ,and feelings.
Thus one of the basic themes of physiological is that of individual
differences.
No one is
exactly like anyone else. Except term of the needs of the human species, that
you eat, drink, breathe, sleep, exercise and require same physiological needs.
The difference that occurs amongst children of the same age is in then
maturational and learning processes. The task of the school is to provide for
the common needs of the students with taking into account the unique
characteristics of each individual. No easy situation to the task has yet been
found, however, knowledge about the kind of difference is becoming more
complete.
1. Actual contrasts:
Brevity or height of height, dimness or reasonableness of appearance, largeness, slimness, or shortcoming are different actual individual contrasts.
2. Contrasts in insight:
There are contrasts in knowledge level among various people. We can arrange the people from super-typical (over 120 I.Q.) to imbeciles (from 0 to 50 I.Q.) based on their knowledge level.
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